Susceptor Packaging Material For Baking Flaky Pastry Dough In Microwave Oven

Microwave oven has been used extensively as to provide conveniences to consumers in preparing foods. The major problem in microwave baking is the inability of the microwave oven to induce browning on the surface of foods. To alleviate this problem and aid the browning and crisping on the surface of a baked food item, a packaging materials called susceptor has been developed specifically to support the usage of microwave oven. This study presents the design of susceptor packaging rigid box that is effective to bake flaky pastry dough (puff pastry) in microwave oven and performance evaluation of the product through microwave testing. Paperboard, corrugated board B-flute and metallized polyethylene terephthalate (MPET) film were used to design susceptor packaging rigid box. Testing on performance of susceptor packaging rigid box was implemented in microwave baking with different design and lamination of packaging material with puff pastry inside. Only one design of susceptor packaging rigid box was chosen which was design eight with the use of semi coating MPET film based on the desirable quality of the susceptor packaging rigid box and the puff pastry. Quality parameters of puff pastries such as temperature after baking, weight loss, colour changes at top and bottom surfaces, specific volume after baking and hardness were obtained as a result of the application on susceptor packaging rigid box through microwave testing. The sensory attributes of puff pastries such as appearance (colour), odour, taste, crispiness, texture (hardness) and overall acceptability were also examined using Hedonic Test acceptability of panelists on the puff pastries that were baked in susceptor packaging rigid box in microwave oven. As baking time was increased, all the quality parameters increased. Microwave baked puff pastries without susceptor packaging rigid box had some quality defects such as lack of colour, became soggy, shrank and brittle when cold. However, the microwave baked puff pastries had the highest specific volume and temperature. It was possible to improve the quality of microwave baked puff pastries with the aid of susceptor packaging rigid box. The colour of puff pastries changed into desirable rich brown and gave crispiness value similar to the conventionally baked ones at the three power levels used. However, microwave baked puff pastries with susceptor packaging rigid box had a lower volume at all power used. The best conditions for baking puff pastries in microwave oven with susceptor packaging were 270s, 285s and 300s at 340W microwave power; 165s and 180s at 500W microwave power; and 105s and 120s at 790W microwave power. When susceptor packaging was applied for this condition, it reduced conventionally baking time about 75%-91%. Results of sensory evaluation showed that puff pastries baked in conventional oven were highly accepted by the panelists with mean scores of 7.67 (mean scale: 1-9). The results followed by puff pastries that were baked with susceptor packaging rigid box with the mean score value of 6.93. Microwave baked puff pastries had the lowest mean score in overall acceptability (4.47)

The innovation of cotton fiber from recycled cloth as coloring agent for polypropylene via injection moulding

Plastics can be coloured in many different ways. In the present application, the colouring agent that is used in the plastic industries are the dyes and pigments. Both methods are sustantially different and produce specific results. Dyes are defined as colourants that are (completely) soluble in a polymer at the processing temperature. Pigments are organic or inorganic solid particles that are insoluble in polymers..

Linerboard made from Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) treated coconut coir fiber and effect of pulp beating

The performance of coir fiber in the production of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) pulp was evaluated. Based on chemical analysis, the composition of coir fiber is suitable for the pulping process. Out of nine pulping conditions characterized, a pulping condition of 18% active alkali for 90 min cooking time was chosen. These conditions provided the highest screened yield (48.99%), a low rejection yield (0.27%), high viscosity (11.73 cP), and a kappa number (41) that is acceptable for unbleached linerboard production. Beating strengthened the coir pulp. Analyzing the beating revealed that coir pulp was optimized at 1000 to 2000 revolutions, based on a graph of freeness vs. burst index. For all beating conditions (1000 to 8000 revolutions), FESEM micrographs showed the presence of internal and external fibrillation of the fiber, which gradually increased fiber conformability and improved the inter-fiber bonding within the paper formation. Based on its burst strength of 4.57 kPa.m2/g and ring crush test of 1.76 Nm2/g, which complies with the minimum requirement of the industry standard, coir fiber can be considered an alternative fiber source for linerboard production

Suitability of coir fibers as pulp and paper

This study was to investigate the suitability of coir fibers as an alternative material in making pulp and paper. Maceration process was used to characterize the fiber. Soda-AQ pulping with various combinations of active alkali (18-22%) and cooking time (90- 150 minutes) at fixed temperature was done. Physical properties evaluated were density, brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, tear, burst and tensile index. As concentration of active alkali and cooking time increased, the physical properties values also increased, except for the opacity and scattering coefficient. The optimum condition for producing the strongest paper is using 22% active alkali in 120 minutes

Effect of Chitosan and Rice Starch Coating on the Kraft Paper

The use of chitosan and rice starch as the bio-based coated paper has resulted in a positive effect on physical, mechanical, and optical properties. The research was to show the influence of ultrasonic treatment on the properties of bio-based coated paper. The influence of ultrasonic treatment on the kraft paper with coating solution was determined for the thickness, the tensile strength, and surface morphology analysis. The sample prepared has two types which are uncoated paper coated paper and coated with ultrasonic treatment paper. The coated paper with bio-based coatings has been applied by spray technique. One from both coated samples has been coated with a solution that has been treated. The result shows that the thickness and grammage for both coated papers increased between 0.01 mm to 0.03 mm. Tensile strength has been improved on both coated papers. The higher tensile strength obtained was from the sample in the machine direction, which is 8083.2 N/m. Furthermore, the ultrasonic treatment also gives an improvement in morphology. As expected, the coating gives a surface with fewer and smaller pores. From morphology analysis, the coated paper in which the solution has been treated was smoother, and few pores were detected. From the result, ultrasonic treatment is an environmentally inexpensive process and effective in preparing solutions for bio-based coating. The coatings give better mechanical and morphology properties. Therefore, preparation solution using ultrasonic treatment as pretreatment is an improvement to enhance many properties of bio-based coatings

Properties and water absorption rate of paraffin wax coated paperboard

Paper and paperboard are the most popular packaging material nowadays. This is due to its low cost of production and biodegradable properties. Paper and paperboard are better than traditional plastics as a packaging material because of its value and sustainability. Coated paper and paperboard can be explained as a paper which is covered by a layer of plastics material or chemical which can improve the surface appearance and the mechanical properties of the paper itself..

Plastic waste and its method of recycling

Plastics waste is one of the major problems the world is currently facing due to the increase in plastic production and their demands in emerging economies. One of the concerns of plastic is unsystematic disposal problem that leads to an increase in plastic waste accumulation which can last forever in the environment and causing sever pollution.

Preparation and Performance Test of PEFB Reinforced Box Waste Coated Superhydrophobic Coating for Shoe Sole Application

The study presents preparation and performance test of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (PEFB) reinforced box waste coated superhydrophobic coating for shoe sole application. The main purpose of this analysis is to determine the optimal composition of PEFB reinforced with box waste for use in shoe soles. In this study, the use of PEFB and box waste is to replace the synthetic materials in the application of the shoe sole. Additionally, environmental problems can be reduced by using waste PEFB as a value-added product rather than biomass waste. Sample preparation involved grinding of PEFB fibers and box waste, blending processes of different PEFB percentages at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% mixed with 50% box waste. Followed by the process of mixing with epoxy and hardener, and finally coated with superhydrophobic coating using a spray gun method. Epoxy resin and hardener are used as binders for the bonding between the PEFB fiber matrix and the box waste to be applied to the shoe sole. The study was carried out in both mechanical and physical studies. The test for tensile strength showed 40% PEFB reinforced with 50% box waste with 181.36N maximum load and 16.70% of strain. The 40% PEFB composition showed the optimum bursting pressure to 13.62kgf and the abrasion resistance had a lower weight loss of 0.28 g. The 80% higher proportion of PEFB indicates a lower density of 1.06g/cm3 and a higher porosity of up to 0.44%. It is also revealed that 40% of box waste provided the best composition for the application of the shoe soles

The Preparation and Characterization on Natural Dyes Based on Neem, Henna and Turmeric for Dyeing on Cotton with Superhydrophobic Coating

This study is presents the preparation and characterization on natural dyes based on neem, henna and turmeric for dyeing on cotton with superhydrophobic coating. Natural dyes were used to reduce the usage of the synthetic dyes in dyeing process and superhydrophobic coating to maintain the colour of the dyes on the fabric from faded and acts as a self-cleaning. The methodology involved for this study was the extraction process of natural dyes from the neem, henna and turmeric. There are eight different concentrations consists of 0.25g/ml, 0.5g/ml, 0.75g/ml, 1.0g/ml, 1.25g/ml, 1.50g/ml, 1.75g/ml and 2.0g/ml. The mechanical test involved is abrasion test for evaluation the resists wear caused by flat rubbing contact with another materials. Henna coated cotton fabrics have lower percentage weight loss compared to neem and turmeric coated cotton fabrics and uncoated cotton fabrics. The weight percentage loss for henna coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.57%, for neem coated cotton fabrics at 2.0g/ml was 3.58% and turmeric at 2.0g/ml concentration was 3.59%. On the other hand, the value for the henna uncoated cotton fabric at 2.0g/ml was at 4.62%, neem at 2.0g/ml concentration was 4.64% and the value for uncoated turmeric at 2.0g/ml was 4.65% respectively

Factorial Analysis of Tensile Properties of Areca Leaf Sheath (ALS) Subjected to Flattening

Areca leaf sheath (ALS) is a common agricultural waste produced in Southeast Asia countries, which is widely utilized over the decades to make biodegradable disposable dining wares. The workable surface of ALS for heat pressing is limited due to the concavity in the middle and folding at the edges of ALS. This study proposes that the ALS is flattened using a padding mangle prior to the forming process. The aim is to investigate the effect of ALS thickness and flattening pressure on the ultimate tensile strength and strain at break of ALS. A range of factors influencing the flattening process were investigated using design of experiment (DOE) approach based on analysis of variance (ANOVA). As the applied pressure increases, the thickness reduction of the ALS also increases. The tensile test was carried out in accordance to ASTM D3039 standard. It is found that ALS thickness and flattening pressure affect the results differently. The highest ultimate tensile strength (23.25 MPa) is obtained from 3-4 mm thick grain direction samples flattened at 5 bar; whereas the highest strain is 58.28% from perpendicular grain direction samples flattened at 1 bar, with thickness range of 3-4 mm. The results suggest that flattening process does not influence the tensile strength of ALS significantly when it is fed in parallel direction; but decreases the strain slightly